What are the different parts of computer system?

What are the different parts of computer system?

Computer Memory::

Computer Memory, in other words, is also called as RAM [Random Access Memory].Computer memory is a thin filament or PCB [Printed Circuit Board] where some electronic components are attached to it.

Computer CPU [Central Processing Unit] performs all its operations and tasks with the help of RAM. The RAM is a type of volatile memory where data is lost once the power is off and computer shutdown or even computer restarts.

The Computer speed mainly depends upon 2 factors computer processor and RAM the higher its configuration higher the speed.

Computer Memory

The Computer memory comes in different of sizes, capacity, and cost. Their many variants of computer memory available in the market nowadays such as ddr1, ddr2, ddr3, ddr4 where DDR stands for the dual in-line memory module.

As many of us know that ddr1 and ddr2 are outdated and hence no point in using and purchasing these types of memory. Computer memory comes in varieties of sizes and capacity such as 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16 GB where GB stands for the capacity to hold or store data.

Famous Manufacturer of RAM are::

Dynet, Hynix, Iball, Transcend.

Computer Hard Disk Drive::

The Computer Hard Disk Drive is a type of computer memory and is non-volatile in nature let me explain to you what is non-volatile it means the data is almost stored or saved permanently and can be recalled or retrieve whenever the request demands or call.

The data stored in computer hard disk is not lost when the computer fails to boot or there is a power failure.

Computer Hard Disk Drive

The Computer hard disk drives come in varieties of sizes like 250 GB, 320 GB, 500gb, 1tb, 10tb.The operating system is installed in computer hard disk to use the computer to its full potential and later all the applications software are installed for better functionality and according to your needs.

The Famous manufacturers of computer hard disk are as follows Seagate, Western Digital, Samsung and so on.

CD/DVD Rom

These are optical drives of the computer system where you can use cd and DVD for better functionality and additional features. With the use of cd and DVD, you can install computer operating system on your fresh and used computer and laptops.

DVD Stands for digital versatile disk or digital video disk. Using cd or dvd you can play games, watch movies and installed applications software according to your needs.

The famous manufacturers of DVD RW are as follows:

Sony, HP, LG and so on.

Modem::

Modem is an external computer device which is used to connect a computer with internet.There are two types of modern internal modem and external modem.

As the computer technology has developed the use of modem are restricted and USB cables are used more often to connect to the internet and in a computer network.

Sound Card::

Sound is the computer devices which are connected to computer system internally on one of the slots available on motherboard preferably they are installed on PCI Slot.

Computer Sound Card

Sound cards convert analog signals into digital signals and hence we can hear sound while playing games and watching videos.

Monitors::

Computer monitors are used to viewing the output presented by the CPU [Central Processing Unit].It is used to view images, graphic, and videos on the screen.

TFT Monitor

Computer monitors come in variety of shapes and sizes before some years people used to use CRT [Cathode Ray Tube] monitors but as the computer 

technology advanced to different level users are using TFT [Thin Film Television] or LCD [Liquid Crystal Display] or LED [Light Emitting Diode] monitors because of its clearer picture quality and better resolutions.

The Famous Manufacturers of Monitors are as follows:

LG, Samsung, BenQ, HP, SONY and so on

Keyboards::

Keyboards are the famous types of input devices of computer system has when used it converts all the characters in human readable form and present on the computer screen.

Computer Keyboard

There are various types of computer keyboard available in the market but here I am going to mention a few of them.

1] PS2 keyboard

2] Normal keyboard [outdated]

3] USB Keyboard where USB stands for Universal Serial Bus

4]  Wireless Keyboards.

Speakers :: Computer Speakers are the types of output devices of computer system which usually transfer the electrical signals into digital signals and hence we hear a sound.

Speaker

Speakers are connected to a computer system so that we can hear sound while playing games and videos.

Microprocessor ::

The computer microprocessor are also called as CPU [Central Processing Unit] which is installed on computer inside CPU SOCKET.

Central Processing Unit [CPU]

What is a cpu in computer?

The Famous manufacturer of Processor is INTEL and AMD.

Computer Motherboard::

There are different types of motherboard and different motherboard form factors. Computer motherboards are nothing but a piece of PCB [Printed Circuit Board] where all electronics components are attached to it.

Computer Motherboard

Famous manufacturer of computer motherboard are INTEL and Asus

Basic Classifications of Computer System

Basic Classifications of Computer System 

The direct classifications of computers are a hard task at it cannot be classified directly.The classifications of computers can be done on the basis of their work, size, and purpose.

The Computer can be classified or categorized in mainly three types they are as follows.

1] Applications

2[Purpose

3] Size and Strength or power

The computers are basically classified on the basis of application in three types.

1] Analog Computers

2] Digital Computers

3] Hybrid computer [Analog +Digital]

Analog Computers:

These types of computers work with physical quantities such as temperature, current and so on.These types of computers digital signals into analog form.

For Example Thermometer it takes reading using temperature of the human body and presents it in digital form.

Another example you may have seen while filling petrol or gas in your vehicle where the machine calculates the amount in digital form and present the user exact amount of fuel which is refilled in vehicles.

These types of computers are generally used in science and engineering where the majority of the work done is base on some numerical calculations.

Digital Computers:: Digital Computers are generally called as PC or Personal computer.These computers generally work on machine language or binary languages that are 0s and 1s.These computers convert each and every information given to them in binary language and translate them using translators and interpreters with the language they can easily understand and present result which is in human-readable form.

Hybrid Computers:: The Hybrid Computers has the processing power of both analog and digital computers.They can handle pressure, temperature, and voltages. These computers are hugely popular in medical sector where a person blood pressure is checked and one can obtain the result in digits and in numbers.

These computers can be diagnosed patient fully and if any complication occurs it directly reflects on the screen with actual and accurate readings.

Types of Computers based on purpose:

These types of computers are generally divided into 2 types

1. General Purpose
2. Special Purpose

General Purpose::

These types of computers are seen everywhere they have a single processor which is also called as CPU. The CPU [Central Processing Unit] has a limited capacity so they can handle few operations in a single time such as documenting in word or playing with games or watching videos or playing songs.

Therefore these computers are used for general purposes and usually called as Personal Computers.

Special computers::

These computers are designed and developed for special purposes and special tasks such as space science, atmosphere readings, physics, and agriculture.

These computers may have multiple CPU’s where the processing power is greater as compared to another computer system.

Different Types of Computer-Based on Size::

What is a computer?

The Computer is nothing but a calculating device which stores huge amount of data and processes the data whenever required.

These types of Computers are basically divided into four types they are as follows::

1] Micro Computers

2] Mini Computers

3] Mainframe Computers

4] Super Computers

Microcomputers::

The biggest development in the computer technology was the invention of a microprocessor which was developed in the year 1971 by Intel Corporations.

These computers are usually called as Personal Computers as they are very small in size and very cheap compared to other computers available in the market. They were so small they were able to fit on the table or it was very easy to carry them and transfer from one location to another.

These computers are used in small and large business organizations where all the records are maintained using some special or customized software or using simple application which is developed by software companies such as Microsoft’s ms-word and ms-excel.

These computers basically work on the principle of word processing and file sharing.These computers have a single CPU or processor to carry out all the operations and task given to them.

Mini Computers::

These Mini computers are possessed with multiple processors or CPU [Central Processing Unit].These computers are relatively faster than microcomputers but less then mainframe computers.

These computers are generally used in small and big organizations and company as they are very expensive and require huge space of its installations.

These computers are widely used in railway reservations, banking sector and payroll where records or hundreds and thousands of employees are maintained.

Mainframe Computers::

Mainframe computers come in very small sizes where they have an enormous memory and can store huge amount of data or information. They are widely used in big and small companies and in government sector where millions of data or information are needed to be stored.

They are the multi-user computer where a number of users can work simultaneously and can be easily connected to other computers in the network.

They can perform several tasks given in a single time, as they are multitasking and multiprogramming they are used in government and private sectors.

Super Computers::

The Super Computers are extremely fast and have an incredible processing power they may possess single or multiple CPU with the help of parallel processing.

They are used in space research, military, predictions of earthquakes, genetic engineering and so on.

PARAM is the first supercomputer developed and designed by India.Where China has the most powerful supercomputer and they have named it Tianhe-2.

sources::

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_computers

http://www.chtips.com/computer-fundamentals/classification-of-computer-system

Digital Computers and Their Types

Digital Computers and Their Types

Digital computers are those computers which translate the data or information given to them in binary form which means in 0s and 1s and they perform accordingly when data or information are presented to them in binary form which is the language they rely upon or in other words they can easily understand.

 The digital computer is further categorized or divided into many ways which I am going to mention below have a look.

Microcomputer:: These computer posses or have a microprocessor which is an integral and important part of the computer system. The microprocessor are also called as CPU which stands for the central processing unit of the computer system.

Digital Computer

The first microprocessor was built or invented in the year 1971 by Intel incorporation and the inventor was Edi Roberts.

After microprocessor was launched it made a boom in the computer hardware industry and Intel corporation almost captured the majority of the share in the IT World.

 Meanwhile, several IT companies came and launch their microprocessors such as Cyrix and AMD but they would unable to stand against Intel in a highly competitive world where Intel was playing like a boss.

Intel Corporation later develops there cpu’s with a single core , dual core and triple core which performed several actions in milliseconds which boosted the speed of the computer to a different level as this cpu or microprocessor was fast and was able to handle several operations at a single time it was a multitasking microprocessor.

Advantages of Micro Computer

• They were small in size and the cost was very cheap and under budget.
• They are also called as Personal computer or PC as they were developed and designed for personal and home use.
• 
  
• They are also called as single user system as only one person can perform actions and perform desired task and operations.
• They have the low processing power and primary memory.

Mini Computers::

Minicomputers are more advanced as compared to microcomputers they are incredibly faster than a microcomputer .They have a speed nearly 10 times more than microcomputers.

Advantages of Mini Computers:

• Their size is more than microcomputer but comparatively less than mainframe computers.
• They work on the principle of time sharing.
• They are also called as a multi-user computer system.
• For Example:: PDP 70.

Main Frame Computers::

• They are very large in size as compared to mini and microcomputers
• They have a huge storage capacity which leads to the stored huge amount of data in the memory.
• They are also called as multi-tasking computer system as a user can perform several tasks in a single time.
• They are used in laboratories and numerical calculations.
• Example:: IBM 3090

Super Computer::

These Supercomputers are the fastest computers as compared to all other computers which I have mentioned above.These supercomputers have a logical design structure and can perform a logical operation with high speed and incredible accuracy.

These computers have a high data storing and processing capacity as they are built, design and develop with the enormous amount.

These Computers are not developed for home or personal use they are widely used in space research, military and other sensitive and secrets operations

First Indian supercomputer was named as “PARAM”

 Sources:: 

http://www.chtips.com/computer-fundamentals/characteristics-of-computer-system

http://oer.nios.ac.in/wiki/index.php/CHARACTERISTICS_OF_COMPUTERS

Explain What is a Personal Computer and its Type

What is a Personal Computer and its Type

Today, computers are all around us. From desktop computers to smartphones, they are changing the way that we live our lives. But have you ever asked yourself, what exactly is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. The computer sees data as 0 and 1 

 but it knows how to combine them into more complex things, such as a photograph, movie, website, game, and much more. Computers use a combination of hardware and software. Hardware is any physical part of the computer, which includes all of the internal components and also the external parts like the monitor and the keyboard. A Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do, such as a web browser, media player, or word processor. 

Personal Computer

When most people say computer, they are talking about a personal computer. This can be a desktop computer, or a laptop computer, which has basically the same capabilities but in a more portable package. Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. PCs are the most common type. There are many different companies that make them, and they usually come with the Microsoft Windows operating system. Macs, or Macintosh computers, are all made by one company - Apple- and they come with the Mac OS X operating system. Computers come in many other shapes and sizes. Mobile phones, tablets, game consoles, and even TVs have built-in computers, although they may not do everything a desktop or a laptop can. 

There are another different type of computers that play an important role in our lives: servers. A server serves information to other computers on a network. In fact, every time you use the internet, web servers deliver the web pages that you want to see to your computer. Servers are also used in many offices to store and share files. As you can see, there are many different types of computers out there, and they affect our lives in a variety of ways.

What is a pen drive?

A pen drive is a USB Devices which directly connects or interacts with the computer using USB [Universal Serial Bus] ports. The shape of this device is pen like therefore the name pen drive.

The pen drives can holds or save or store data permanently which can be text ,images ,doc files ,videos and audios.

The pen drives are usually called as usb flash drives ,thumb drives ,memory stick etc.

Due to its vast advantages pen drives has replaced cd and dvd’s before computer users we using cd and dvd for data storing and transferring as they have many disadvantages the pen drives have replaced them.

USB Pendrive

The major disadvantages of using cd’s and dvd’s are as follows ::

• They used to be easily damaged or corrupted
• They were hard to handle
• Data once stored in them was getting corrupted easily when used excessively
• The major advantages of using pen drives over other medium.
• They comes in huge sizes from 2 gb to 256 gb
• Data transferring rate is high compared to other sources
• They are easily handle and can be kept in pockets.

As the vast use of data storing has been needed these days people or computer users tend to use pen drives or flash drives more often than not.

They are easily used in every form of data transferring ,copying and storing valuable data from one place to another.

These days they are also used in install operating system to computer and laptops you just need to make or create a bootable pen drive.

How to create a bootable USB Pendrive ?

There are several ways to create a bootable pendrive .you can make using any free software like rufus or Novicorp win to flash which are extremely easy to use and absolutely free.

Before starting you should take care of the following?

1. 4 gb or higher pen drive is needed
2. A iso image or copied operating system files are needed which are present in computer hard disk.

Any free software .

Install the software in computer hard disk and run it .next follow the instructions  properly.

What should I look before buying computer?

Computer has been an integral part of human society The modern day computer has reduced human efforts significantly .The work or job which used to take long hours to rectify or solve can be done with finger tips with a blink of an eye.

The use of modern day computer in research and science made discoveries and new inventions much easier as they can perform complex to complex problem with ease.

They are widely used in educations and online studies students prefer online studies or distance learning rather than the traditional way.

Before buying computer you should take a note on following::

You must look want your needs are let say you want to perform programming you should buy a computer or laptop which supports your programming language some programming language can run or execute on certain pc configurations lesser configuration it does not allow to access.

If you are in the field of designing or graphics you must buy a computer or laptop which has a graphic card installed which supports high resolution images and pictures because low graphic resolution some time does not produce high quality images and pictures..

Some of the best graphic card manufacturer are  :: Nvdia,Asus

You must check for motherboard and its compatibility now question arises what is a motherboard? and its different types? motherboard is nothing but a piece of PCB[printed circuit board] which helps all the other components to be attached such as power supply ,hard disk drive ,dvd rw etc.

Check for hard disk which capacity of hard disk drive is compatible with your motherboard and cpu

Use high quality and high speed ram[random access memory] which enhances the performance of computer and increases the data exchange speed resulting in good speed of computer and laptops.

Check for good quality of Cabinet or computer cases

One of the most important devices is the CPU [central processing unit ] also called as microprocessor .choose high quality processor preferably choose intel which is one of the best and its features are excellent.

 Choose LED monitors over tft or crt because they consume more electricity and need large space of accommodation while led [Light emitting diode ]are thinner and smaller less consumption of heat and electricity is the major advantages while using led monitors over crt.

Examples of led monitors manufacturers:: Dell ,Samsung , I ball , Toshiba

Multimedia wireless keyboards and mouse which are easy to access with no wires which are usually gets damaged when misused in case of wireless there are no such drawbacks just need to install some batteries and you are ready to go::

Some best manufacturer of keyboard and mouse :: Logictech, Iball         

Now after you have chosen all the computer peripherals and devices assembled them and install operating system which ever you prefer I personally suggest you to install windows 10 operating system in to your computer

Some users are also using windows 7 and windows 8 operating system because they fulfill their requirements.

Now you can install operating system by using dvd or pendrive..

How to install windows 8 using usb pendrive ::

1] create a bootable usb pendrive using free software like rufus or win to flash as they are free and easy to use

2] go to cmos setup and change the boot order to pendrive.

3] Follow the instruction which appears on the computer screen and you are ready to go..

How to install windows 7 using usb pendrive ::

1] insert windows 7 dvd in dvd-rw or insert bootable pendrive

2] go to cmos setup or bios configuration and change the necessary setting and restart the computer.

3] Follow the instructions which appears on computer screen .

Final words ::

After Windows installation is completed install all the necessary software and application which you will be using and please don’t forget to install any legal antivirus software which helps computer to protect form harmful viruses and malicious program.

Thanks for reading if you like the article please share and comment if any question do let me know.

What are computer devices and peripherals?

There are 2 types of computer devices

A] Input devices of computer systems

B] Output Devices of Computer Systems

Input devices of computer systems are those peripherals and devices which accepts data in raw format and present this data or instructions to computer for further processing later this data is fetched and we acquire result in readable form.

List of common input devices of computer systems ::

Keyboard

Mouse

Scanner

Trackball

Joystick

LightPen

Touchscreens

Optical Card Reader (OCR)

Keyboard :: Keyboards are used for entering some instruction and presenting data to computer systems.

There are mainly three kinds of keyboards available in market

A] PS2 Keyboard

B] USB keyboard

C] wireless keyboard

Mouse ::It is a input device of computer system which is also a pointing devices and is used for selecting dragging and dropping .

There are also three types of mouse.

A] PS2 mouse

B] USB mouse

C] Wireless mouse

Scanner :: Scanners are used to scan images and documents and helps in storing the data into computer hard disk drives.

Output devices of computer system  are used to produce or receive output from computer when users enters input with the help of input devices such as keyboard or mouse.

The desired output is received from computer in such a form which is easily readable.

For example :: if you have scanned a picture or image with the help of input device such as scanner the image document or picture is saved or stored in computer memory or computer hard disk drive later you can obtain the image in the form of output with the help of printer.

Another example let say you have entered something using keyboard as a input devices you can receive output on the screen of monitors.

Here below I have listed some common examples of output devices::

Monitors

Touch Screens

LCD Monitors or LED Monitors

Printers

Speakers

Headphones

Sound Cards

Monitors ::They are used in producing output and commonly called as VDU[visual display unit] and are used in displaying text image and pictures on their screen.

Before some time people used to use CRT [cathode ray tube] which was a square shape monitor which used to take a lot of space for its installation and consume lot of electricity.

Nowadays people use tft lcd and led for displaying the content and are hugely popular these days due to its low cost and high resolution graphics and images.

Printers:: there are various types of printers available in market dotmatrix ,lazer, inkejet,photo printers which are used specifically for various purposes

For example:: A dotmatrix printer is used for a large volume of print outs where the print quality is low compared to lazer and inkjet printer.

They are used typically in large organizations where there is a need of high volume printouts.

Lazer printers:: They are used where users need a high quality printouts in high volume .

Photo printers ::They are used by professionals and advanced users where they need high quality printouts of images and pictures.